Human Rights–Based Applications

FLR(M) – Entry Clearance as a Partner/Spouse of a British or Settled Person
Further Leave to Remain (FLR(M)) is used to extend or switch to partner/spouse status under Appendix FM. It applies to those already in the UK with valid leave, who meet requirements such as genuine relationship, financial, accommodation, and English language criteria. Also, partner/spouse can apply from abroad to join the sponsors in the UK. Successful applicants receive 2.5 years’ leave and become eligible for settlement after 5 years in this route.

FLR(FP) – Private or Family Life under Appendix FM/PL
FLR(FP) covers extensions or switches based on private life or family life where the FLR(M) requirements can’t be met. This includes parents of British or settled children, individuals who’ve lived in the UK for >7 years, or those with compelling private/family life ties. It extends leave typically for 30 months, eventually qualifying for indefinite leave after a total of 10 years on such grounds.

Leave Outside the Rules (LOTR)
LOTR is a discretionary remedy granted in exceptional, compassionate, or human rights-based cases that don’t fit within the rules. Each case is assessed individually—involving compelling medical, private, or family life reasons. LOTR may allow work or study, but conditions vary depending on the award. Grants are rare and temporary.